Marine microalgae are emerging sources of bioactive compounds with potential application across various sectors, including pharmaceuticals. Although conventional extraction techniques remain widely used, growing environmental concerns are driving a transition toward greener extraction techniques. In this study, two marine diatoms—Cylindrotheca closterium and Ditylum brightwellii—were investigated for their anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Maceration, a conventional extraction technique using methanol (organic solvent), ethanol (bio-solvent), as well as Supercritical Fluid Extraction with ethanol as co-solvent (SFE-CO2) were employed. The chemical characterization of the extracts from the marine diatoms revealed a species- and extraction method-dependent response. The two diatoms displayed specific cytotoxicity on normal human cell lines (HaCaT and MRC-5) and significant anti-proliferative, and promising anti-inflammatory activities at high concentration (100 µg/mL) against human cancerous cell lines (A2058, HepG2 and THP-1), particularly with SFE-CO2 extracts. This study highlights the potential of SFE-CO2 to enhance bioactivities, recover key bioactive compounds, and offer a more environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional methods.
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