We used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV or drone), to follow and video-record 171 groups of Peale’s dolphins (Lagenorhynchus australis) in the Magellan Strait. We describe the first complete ethogram for this species, containing 8 behavioural states and 60 behavioural events. This ethogram provides a strong basis for further research, and can be used to describe and compare quantitative data on the behaviour this species. A test for inter-observer validity and reliability in recording behavioural data demonstrated the efficiency and usefulness of this ethogram for future studies, and the importance of experienced researchers for the correct identification of behaviours. The behavioural budget showed that Peale’s dolphins spend most time travelling and socializing. The portion of feeding behaviours is (±16%), indicating an effective feeding strategy rather than grazing-foraging. An attempt to compare this with behavioural budgets made by other studies confirmed the urgent need for standardization in study designs and terminology. A review of the association with kelp demonstrated that kelps are an important feeding habitat and potentially related to the efficient feeding strategy, whereas areas without kelp are associated with travel, social and sexual behaviours. Protecting kelp is important, but conservation efforts should focus on the entire coastal ecosystem.
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