Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) are bioindicators in marine ecosystems and are commonly used for biomonitoring due to their filter-feeding behaviour and sensitivity to pollutants. This study investigated the histopathological effects of microplastic pollution and anthropogenic stressors on blue mussels in Booterstown saltmarsh in comparison to a cleaner site in Galway Bay. Mussels from both sites were subjected to biometric analysis, and histological techniques were used to examine the gill, digestive gland, and gonad tissues. Our findings revealed more intense and visible histopathological alterations, including gill damage, disrupted digestive function, and inflammation in the gonads of mussels from the saltmarsh compared to mussels from the clean site, highlighting the harmful impact of contaminants, including microplastics. By comparing the condition indices and histopathological changes, we provide evidence for the ecological risks posed by anthropogenic pollution. These findings will contribute to the understanding of the long-term impacts of anthropogenic pollution on blue mussel health in a saltmarsh ecosystem, emphasising the need for better management and conservation strategies to protect these vital intertidal habitats.
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